The strategy of a specialization choice of young people in higher education

Abstract

The study of the general educational strategy of students improves the efficiency of the entire training system. Such studies facilitate the organization of the educational process for students, enable the younger generation to more quickly adapt to the labor market. Today, domestic science feels the inadequacy of such research, and this in turn affects the system of higher education in Kazakhstan. Limited information about the educational strategies of Kazakhstan students awakens interest in conducting a holistic study of this problem. The article provides an analysis of the empirical research, opportunities for young people in the field of education, shows the system problems of higher educational institutions in Kazakhstan, the formation of specific organizational solutions, as well as directions in solving these problems. The purpose of the article is to identify strategies by identifying the motives of students in Kazakhstani universities. The research question of the article was as follows: What are the reasons for the educational choice of modern youth? What is the role of the current education system in meeting the educational strategies of students in higher education? What are the students' plans in education and science? Data collection was carried out using a complex of quantitative and qualitative methods. In the first case, a questionnaire was used (1200 questionnaires), in which students, undergraduates and doctoral students from national and state universities of Kazakhstan participated. In-depth interviews and focus group research was conducted among undergraduates and doctoral students. In the general section of the sample, the respondents were distributed as follows: students - 60%, undergraduates - 30%, doctoral students - 10%. This proportion reflects the characteristics of the general population of this social group. The survey was conducted in large universities (LN Gumilyov ENU, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, KNTU named after KI Satpayev, KarSU named after academician E. Buketov) in three major cities of Kazakhstan (Astana, Almaty, Karaganda ). These cities provide thousands of young people with the opportunity to receive education and achieve their life goals. These quantitative research results were processed in the SPSS computer program and analyzed. The theoretical and practical importance of the article lies in the elaborated statements that contribute to the further development and enrichment of data in the field of the sociology of science, the sociology of education, educational and scientific programs, educational concepts. As a result of the study, the authors show types that are characterized by different motives and performance of each social group of young people, as well as the influence of a complex of factors of different levels of educational strategies. The integrated use of quantitative and qualitative methods in the collection of empirical information will help to obtain complete information for determining the educational and scientific strategies of the youth of modern Kazakhstan.

Keywords: educational strategies, student youth, higher education, motivation