Cognitive abilities: features of development and interconnection with executive control
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/JPsS202594304Abstract
The article is devoted to the current issue of an integrative approach to the study of cognitive abilities using psychophysiological and psychometric methods. Modern studies of cognitive abilities conducted using cognitive neuroscience methods were reviewed as well. The purpose of this study was to identify age-related characteristics of cognitive abilities and executive control, as well as their interrelationship. The study involved 180 children and adolescents aged 7 to 20 years, divided into five age groups (7–9 years, 10–12 years, 13–15 years, 16–18 years, and 19–20 years). Psychometric measurements of intelligence were performed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children for participants aged 7–15 years, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for older participants. In the behavioral study, subjects completed the Attention Network Test (ANT) to assess executive control, alertness, and orienting.
The obtained data revealed age-related features of verbal/non-verbal intelligence and general intelligence, which may indicate an acceleration process. However, the influence of sample characteristics and the use of two different test versions adapted for specific age groups cannot be ruled out. Significant correlations between individual IQ subscales and ANT indicators point to the influence of executive control on cognitive abilities. At the same time, it should be noted that the construct of intelligence has its own specificity and complexity.
Thus, the study of age-related features of intelligence provides a new perspective for psychologists and neurobiologists, allowing them to apply a comprehensive approach to the issues of development and support of mental potential at different age stages. In the context of mental potential development, the relevance of the study increases due to the need for a deeper understanding of the age-related features of intelligence.
Key words: cognitive abilities, attention, executive control, ANT, IQ.
