Recreational sport and the social well-being of older adults in megacities

Abstract

The rapid pace of urbanization and the increase in the number of elderly people are bringing into focus the study of conditions of healthy aging in major cities of Kazakhstan. One of the factors contributing to the physical activity, social inclusion and psychological well-being of older persons is recreational sport. The aim of the study is to determine how participation in recreational sports programs relates to the social well-being of elderly people living in Almaty and Shymkent. Particular attention is paid to changes in physical condition, emotional well-being, social connections, feelings of loneliness and community belonging, as well as the role of urban infrastructure and active longevity centers. The empirical basis of the study consisted of 17 semi-structured interviews with elderly people who regularly participate in recreational sports programs and three expert interviews with professionals working with this age group. The interviews were conducted from July to October 2025. The data obtained was processed using a thematic analysis method. The research tools underwent preliminary piloting and ethics review. The results showed that regular participation in recreational sports contributes to improved mobility, reduced chronic pain, increased physical confidence and independence in daily life. Based on the results, a conceptual model is proposed that reflects the interrelation of physical, emotional, social and environmental components of social well-being of elderly people. The practical significance of the study is the possibility of using the data obtained in improving the programmes of the Active Longevity Centers and urban policies aimed at reducing social exclusion, supporting self-reliance and improving the quality of life of the elderly.

Keywords: recreational sport, older adults, social well-being, active ageing, urban space.