Social practices of repatriate integration in Kazakhstan: the case of the Zhetysu region

Abstract

The issue of repatriates’ integration into society has become increasingly important in the context of global migration processes, demographic changes, and state policies aimed at supporting ethnic return migrants. The purpose of this study is to identify the main social practices influencing the integration of repatriates living in the Zhetysu Region of Kazakhstan and to determine the factors that facilitate or hinder their social adaptation. The methodological framework of the study is based on a quantitative sociological approach. Empirical data were collected through a structured survey of 787 repatriates permanently residing in different districts of the Zhetysu Region. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and tests of association between variables. The findings demonstrate that the social integration of repatriates is a complex and multidimensional process shaped by a combination of social, cultural, and institutional factors. The most significant predictors of a sense of belonging include stable social ties with local residents, understanding of cultural norms, and participation in everyday social interactions. The value of the study lies in providing large-scale empirical evidence on the everyday integration practices of repatriates within the regional context of Kazakhstan. The results expand current understanding of the mechanisms underlying social belonging and confirm the need to conceptualize integration as a multi-level process involving social relationships, cultural adaptation, and institutional interaction. The practical significance of the study lies in the potential use of its findings by regional authorities, non-governmental organizations, and social service providers for the development of targeted support measures for repatriates. The implementation of such measures may contribute to strengthening social cohesion, increasing repatriates’ participation in local community life, and improving the overall effectiveness of social integration policies.

Keywords: repatriates, social integration, social practices, sense of belonging, Kazakhstan.